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PLANNING FOR URBAN FLOOD RESILIENCE An institutional analysis of urban flood risk management in italy
Technical science perspectives have dominated the research on flood risk management over the past decades and technological advances have allowed reaching important security and protection standards form exterme weather events. flood risk mangement has traditionally relied on the use of structural measures for flood probability reduction according to the principle of flood control (Osti, 2029). over the 19th century, the growing urban population and industrial revolution led to significant use of watercourses due to the increasing demand for water abstractions, transportasion ssytems, and irrigation infrastructure. hydraulic technologes were progressively developed control major and minor rivers, which became channeled, tamed, or confined underground to make space for upcoming urban and socio-economic development. the ramaking of rivers continued to meet the needs of the growing populations thoughout the 20th century with rivers committed to a variety of uses and with significant impacts on both water quality and water quantity. As one of the consequences, flood risks exacerbated. The major floods that occured in Europe in the 1990s (e.g., Rhine river in 1993, 1995, 1997) brought incrased attention to the management of floods, especially because of the growing losses caused by these events (petri, 2002; Sayers, 2017). Since the end of the 20th century, the combination of structural (e.g., dams, dykes, polders, spillway) and non-structural measures (e.g., land use reulations, flood-proof buildings, forecast and evation systems, insurance) for flood risk mitigation has been advocated (petru, 2002)
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