Ditapis dengan
Pengelolaan Kesehatan Lingkungan
Kesehatan Lingkungan menurut WHO (World Health Organization) adalah suatu keseimbangan yang harus ada antara manusia dan lingkungan agar bisa menjamin keadaan sehat dari manusia. Ruang lingkup kesehatan lingkungan diantaranya penyediaan air bersih/air minum, pengolahan dan pembuangan limbah, cair, gas dan padat, pencegahan kebisingan, pencegahan penyakit bawaan air, udara, dan makanan, dan vektor, pengelolaan kualitas lingkungan air, udara, makanan, peukiman dan bahan berbahaya. Kualitas lingkungan yang buruk dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kesehatan di masyarakat. Untuk itu perlu adanya pengelolaan kesehatan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Kesehatan lingkungan merupakan salah satu program dari enam usaha kesehatan dasar kesehatan masyarakat. KEsehatan lingkungan ini sangat erat sekali hubungannya dengan kesehatan masyarakat.
Manajemen Pengolahan Data Kesehatan : BAhan Ajar Mata Kuliah Manajemen Data Kesehatan
Pengolahan data merupakan salah satu bagian dari rangkaian penelitian setelah kegiatan pengumpulan data. Setelah pengumpulan data seringkali orang menjadi bingung mau diapakan data yang telah terkumpul? Bagaimana menghubungkan data dari kuesioner dengan tujuan penelitian? Untuk itu data yang masih mentah (raw data) perlu diolah sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi informasi yang akhirnya dapat digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian.rn<br>rn<br>rnBuku ini merupakan alat bantu dalam mengolah data hasil penelitian kesehatan dengan menggunakan Program Pengoalah Data SPSS yang disusun dengan bahasa yang sederhana, dengan tujuan agar mudah dipahami.
Clinical Epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology provides the scientific basis for the practice of of medicine, because it focuses on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of human disease. Therefore, issues of research design, measurement, and evaluation are critical to clinical epidemiology. This volume, Clinical Epidemiology : Practice and Methods, is intended to educate researchers on how to undertake clinical research and should be helpful not only to medical practitioners but also to basic scientists who want to extend their work to humans, to allied health professionals interested in scientific evaluation, and to trainees in clinical epidemiology.rn
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rnThe content of this book can divided into two categories : issues of design, measurement, and analysis associated with various research designs, including determination of risk in longitudinal studies, assessment of therapy in randomized controlled cllinicic trials, and evaluation of diagnoctics.
Epidemiology And Culture
Medical anthropology and epidemiology began from a common objective, namely to explain the health of human populations using observational techniques. But with a few notable exceptions, medical anthropologist and epidemiologists rarely had much to do with one another until the last quarter of the twentieth century.rn
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rnEpidmeiologists interested in history commonly trace the origins of their discipline back 2400 years to Hippocratic texts, particularly, Airs, Waters, Places, which emphasized environmental factors (seasons, winds, water, position, and soil) in disease causation. But Hippocrates also discussed diseases as attributes of populations, and he emphasized the etiologic significance of the mode of life of a towns populace.
An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals
Epidemiology is an old scientific discipline that dates back to the middle of the nineteenth century. It is a discipline that aims at identifying the determinants of diseases and health in populations. It uses a population approach like demography, perhaps the scientific discipline that most closely resembles epidemiology. Epidemiology is defined by the object of research, ?to identity determinants that change the occurence of health phenomena in human populations?. Epidemiology is often associated with infectious diseases because an epidemic of a disease originally refrred to an unexpected rise in the incidence of infectious diseases. Epidemiologic methods were first used to study diseases like cholera and measles. Now all diseases or health events are studied by means of epidemiologic methods and these methods that are constantly changing to meet these new needs. Even the term ?epidemic? is used to describe an unexpected increase in the frequency of any disease such as myocardial infarction, obesity, or asthma.
Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health
The field of occupational safety and health is concerned with minimizing loss by aiding in the preservation and protection of both human and other physical assets in the workplace. The discipline is far reaching in both scope and practice. It primarily involves monitoring the workplace and advising employers or management on the best ways to prevent and minimize losses. Final responsibility for action always rests on the shoulders of the management, as they are ultimately accountable for workplace behaviors. Management is held accountable by stockholders or owners of the company, the Occupational Safety and Health administration (OSHA), the courts, and even public opinion. The job of the safety and health professional is to assist management by observing the woorkplace and providing guidance.
Advances in Physical Ergonomics and Safety
Decision-making in safety management requires a substantial information base. PArt of this base is the assessment of an organizations safety state and of the effect of safety promoting measures. However, respective assessment processes are focusing mainly reactive, countable safety indicators. Againts this background the S-MIS project developed a safety assessment process including proactive safety indicators referring to human and organizational factors that are not quantifiable directly. The process guides a group of safety experts from industries through seven steps in which their tacit knowledge is made explicit, and in which they build consensus regarding indicator selection, operationalization, safety assessment, data interpretation, and decision-making.
Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics
Over the last 60 years factors, a term that is used here synonimously with ergonomics and denoted as human factors ergonomics (HFE), has been evolving as a unique and independent discipline that focuses on the nature of human-artifact interactions, viewed from the unified perspective of the science, engineering, design, technology, and management of human compatible systems, including a variety of natural and artificial products, processes, and living environments. The various dimensions of such defined ergonomics discipline are shown. The International Ergonomics Association (IEA, 2003) defines ergonomics (or human factors) as the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a systems and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care and Patient Safety
Over the last decade patient safety has been a focal point of health care. Hospitals are identifying hazards, investigating mistakes, implementing interventions to reduce hazards, and training staff on patient safety. Despite these efforts, there is limited empiric evidence of decreases in patient harmed from medical errors varies between 2% and 33%, far too many patients suffer preventable harm.rn<br>rn<br>rnResearchers and patient safety experts advocate the use of human factors and systems engineering principles, theories, tools, and methods to improve safety. In 2005, the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Engineering identified human factors engineering as an important tool for designing better healthcare systems.
Patient Safety : A Human Factors Approach
Increased concern for patient safety has put the issue at the top of the agenda of practitioners, hospitals, and even governments. The risks to patients are many and diverse, and the complexity of the healthcare system that delivers them is huge. Yet the discourse is often oversimplified and underdeveloped. rn<br>rn<br>rnThe breadth of the human factors approach is itself testimony to the realization thet there are no easy answers or silver bullets for resolving the issues in patient safety. A user-friendly introduction to the approach, this book takes the complexity of healthcare seriously and does not oversimplify the problem. It demonstrates ehat the approach does di ; that is, offer the substance and guidance to consider the issues in all their nuance complexity.
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Geografi dan Sejarah