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Hubungan karakteristik demografis dan klinis dengan kejadian Loss to Follow up pada pasien HIV dengan pengobatan anti retroviral (studi kasus di Kota Semarang)
Pendahuluan : Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global serius. Data WHO dan UNAIDS sampai 2017 terdapat 36,9 juta kasus HIV dengan data global didapatkan rata-rata retensi obat anti retroviral (ART) menurun seiring waktu, dari sekitar 86,0% pada 12 bulan sampai 72,0% pada 60 bulan. Data kasus HIV di Kota Semarang tercatat 4,800 kasus HIV sampai Mei 2018 dengan angka loss to follow up (LTFU) mencapai 31,0%, melebihi dari target WHO yaitu < 20,0%. Tingginya angka LTFU ini menjadi permasalahan dalam implementasi program kesehatan. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan karakteristik demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, status pernikahan, status HIV pasangan, dan risiko penularan) dan klinis (lama konsumsi ART, CD4, viral load, indeks massa tubuh, rejimen ART, efek samping ART, status fungsional, infeksi oportunistik, infeksi TB, profilaksis cotrimoxzole, komorbid, konsumsi alkohol, pengobatan herbal dan terapi alternatif) dengan kejadian LTFU pada pasien HIV dengan terapi antiretroviral di Kota Semarang. Material dan Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan observational dengan desain penelitian belah lintang. Data didapatkan dari wawancara dan data sekunder dari rekam medis. Terdapat 124 pasien LTFU dan 200 pasien retensi yang dapat diwawancara. Hubungan variabel karakteristik demografis dan klinis terhadap kejadian LTFU dianalisis dengan Chi-square, dikatakan signifikan jika nilai p
Urethral injury risk following pelvic fractures during period 2013-2016: a single center experience at Dr. Kariadi Hospital
Introduction Pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) incidence occurs in as many as 24% of adults with pelvic fracture (PF). Urethral injury is a common complication of pelvic trauma that, if undiagnosed, may lead to significant long-term morbidity Objective We analyses to identify descriptive profile of patient that was treated at dr. Kariadi hospital during January 2013 – December 2016 with PFUI, severity of urethral injury, management, monitoring the result of treatment, number of operation, and complication after urethral repair procedure. Materials & Methods Patient that was hospitalized during period of January 2013 – December 2016 at Dr Kariadi hospital was recorded from medical record database. We complete missing data by calling the study subject by phone. Result Total sample population patient 34 PF patients (22 male, 12 female). Population age grouped to < 18, 18-50, and > 50 yrs. old, there are 3, 22, and 9 patients respectively. From male and female PFUI group we obtained 20 and 2 patients respectively. Straddle injury is the top causal of PFUI, second top is domestic accident of slip and fall down with sitting position, and falling objects that hit the patient on pelvic region. Above we can know that fracture of AP compression type is the most common cause of fracture that causes urethral injury (p=0.064), the posterior part of the urethra is the most frequently injured part caused by the pelvic fracture. The early procedure (PER) is the most commonly used treatment for the rupture of the posterior urethra (p=0.329). In this study it was found that micturition flow after operation is better in early procedure than late procedure (0.729), so the stricture of the urethra is usually happened in the late procedure. And urinary incontinence is 21,67 times (OD= 21,667) better in early procedure than in late procedure (.225) Conclusion 1. Incidence of PF is higher in productive ages (18 – 50 yrs), and more common caused by motorcycles traffic accident. 2. Posterior part of urethra is the most commonly injured and AP compression type fracture is the most common cause of uretral injury. 3. The early procedure (PER) is the most commonly used treatment for the rupture of the posterior urethra and the AP compression type PFUI in this study. 4. Controversies of urethral injury repair with Early or Delayed methods, our study shows that micturition flow after operation is 39 times (OD=39,00) better in early procedure than late procedure (p=0.002), so the stricture of the urethra is usually happened in the late procedure. And urinary incontinence is 21,67 times (OD= 21,667) better in early procedure than in late procedure. 5. Urethral reconstruction is likely to give less complication about persistent urethral stricture compare to others method. Keyword : pelvic fractures, urethral injury, urethroplasty, erectile dysfunction
Pengaruh lama paparan deksametason topikal terhadap ketebalan matriks ekstra selluler Trabecular Meshwork tikus wistar
Pendahuluan. Matriks ekstraselluer trabecular meshwork terlibat dalam homeostatis aliran keluar humor aquos normal. Deksametason dilaporkan menyebabkan glaukoma, tetapi tidak ada penelitian tentang lama pemberian topikal yang dapat menambah ketebalan matriks ekstraseluler trabecular meshwork. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh lama paparan deksametason topikal terhadap ketebalan matriks ekstraseluler trabecular meshwork dari tikus Wistar. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah suatu penelitian eksperimen dengan desain posttest only controlled group design. Sebanyak 36 tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, kelompok A:3 kelompok kontrol (air mata buatan 4 kali sehari) dan kelompok B:3 kelompok perlakuan (deksametason 4 kali sehari) yang diamati selama 2,4 dan 6 minggu. Ketebalan matriks ekstraseluler trabecular meshwork dinilai menggunakan skor histopatologi, data dianalisis dengan Uji Mann Whitney. Hasil. Pada paparan selama 2 minggu tidak mengalami penebalan matriks ekstraseluler trabecular meshwork, (p> 0,05). Sedangkan pada paparan 4 minggu 4 terjadi penebalan ringan, (p
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